We conducted a comprehensive comparative study on experiences with special economic zones (SEZ) in Africa and China with a focus on SEZs in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Zambia and two SEZ case studies in China. Findings presented in the study derive from extensive analysis of primary and secondary sources and from field research conducted in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Zambia throughout April 2015. The study was commissioned by the International Poverty Reduction Center in China and the United Nations Development Programme and conducted from March to September 2015.